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金山嶺長城位於河北省承德市灤平縣境內,與北京市密雲縣相鄰,距北京市區130公裡。系明朝愛國將領戚繼光擔任薊鎮總兵官時期(1567-1586)主持修築,是萬裡長城的精華地段,素有“萬裡長城,金山獨秀”之美譽,障牆、文字磚和擋馬石是金山嶺長城的三絕,素有“攝影愛好者的天堂”美譽。 金山嶺長城是全國重點文物保護單位、國家級風景名勝區、國家4A級旅游景區,並列入《世界文化遺產名錄》。1992年11月15日,亞洲“飛人”柯受良駕駛摩托車成功飛越了金山嶺長城。 這裡的長城構築復雜,敵樓密布,一般50-100米一座,牆體以巨石為基,高5-8米,形式多樣,各具特色。有磚木結構的,也有磚石結構的,有單層的,也有雙層的,既有平頂,也有穹窿頂、船蓬頂、四角鑽天頂和八角藻井頂,可謂一樓一式,被譽為“萬裡長城,金山獨秀”。 金山嶺長城的軍事防御體系極強,設有障牆、垛牆、戰台、炮台、瞭望台、雷石孔、射孔、擋馬牆、支牆、圍戰牆等,層層設防,可謂固若金湯。城牆上有數以萬計的帶文字的城磚。文字磚上記載著燒制城磚的年代和部隊番號,如“萬歷五年山東左營造”、“萬歷五年寧夏營造”、“萬歷六年振虜騎兵營造”、“萬歷七年德州營造”等字樣。也有少量萬歷十二年、萬歷二十二年的文字磚。金山嶺長城上有這麼多文字磚,這在萬裡長城上從沒有發現過第二處。 這些文物可以佐證:金山嶺長城確系戚繼光主持修築的,動用了從山東、寧夏、河北、北京、江西等各地調來的各路軍,各兵種,並有統一的標准,明確的分工,嚴格的質量檢查,同時得到地方官吏的大力支援。也可以佐證,繼戚繼光主持修築金山嶺長城以後的數十年裡,明王朝不斷派兵遣將加以修繕。
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